本帖最后由 famouschu 于 2025-3-5 14:08 编辑
02-06 Slatkin, Leonard - The Raven [26'29]
斯拉特金,伦纳德 乌鸦
V. The Raven 9:32
乌鸦
诵读（旁白）
Edgar Allan Poe - The Raven
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door—
"'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door—
Only this and nothing more."
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore—
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore—
Nameless here for evermore.
And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
"'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;—
This it is and nothing more."
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
"Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you"—here I opened wide the door;—
Darkness there and nothing more.
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore?"
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!"—
Merely this and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore—
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;—
'Tis the wind and nothing more!"
Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,
In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore;
Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door—
Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door—
Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,
"Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the nightly shore—
Tell me what thy lordly name is on the night's Plutonian shore!"
Quoth the raven "Nevermore."
Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
Though its answer little meaning—little relevancy bore;
For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door—
Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
With such name as "Nevermore."
But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did out pour.
Nothing farther then he uttered—not a feather then he fluttered—
Till I scarcely more than muttered "Other friends have flown before—
On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before."
Then the bird said "Nevermore."
Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful disaster
Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore—
Till the dirges of his hope that melancholy burden bore
Of 'never—nevermore.'"
But the raven still beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door;
Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore—
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking "Nevermore."
This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;
This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclined
On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er,
But whose velvet violet lining with the lamp-light gloating o'er,
She shall press, ah, nevermore!
Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
"Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee—by these angels he hath sent thee
Respite—respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore;
Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"
Quoth the raven "Nevermore."
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!—
Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted—
On this home by Horror haunted—tell me truly, I implore—
Is there—is there balm in Gilead?—tell me—tell me, I implore!"
Quoth the raven "Nevermore."
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!
By that Heaven that bends above us—by that God we both adore—
Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,
It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore—
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore."
Quoth the raven "Nevermore."
"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, upstarting—
"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore!
Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
Leave my loneliness unbroken!—quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!"
Quoth the raven "Nevermore."
And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted—nevermore!
中文参照
埃德加・爱伦・坡 诗《乌鸦》
第一节
曾在一个阴沉的午夜，我沉思着，疲惫不堪，
翻阅那些古怪奇特、几乎被遗忘的典籍；
就在我昏昏欲睡时，忽然传来轻轻的叩击声，
仿佛是谁在轻轻叩击着我的房门。
“是访客吧，” 我喃喃道，“轻敲着我的房门 ——
仅此而已，别无他事。”
第二节
啊，我清楚地记得，那是寒冷的十二月；
壁炉中残烬的余辉映在地板上，如幽灵般飘动。
我急切地盼望明天到来；徒然地试图从书中借取
慰藉，以缓解我因失去莱诺尔的悲伤 ——
为那位珍贵而明艳的少女，天使们称她为莱诺尔 ——
而今却再无姓名。
第三节
紫色窗帘柔滑、伤感且不定的簌簌声，
使我战栗，心中充满前所未有的奇异恐惧；
为了平息心跳，我站立着，不断重复，
“是访客吧，恳求进入我的房间 ——
某个深夜访客请求进入我的房间；
仅此而已，别无他事。”
第四节
片刻间，我鼓起了勇气，不再犹豫，
“先生，” 我说，“或者女士，请原谅我的冒昧；
因为我刚才在打盹，而您轻轻地叩击着，
如此微弱地敲击着我的房门，
以至于我几乎未曾听清 ——” 说着我打开了房门；
门外一片黑暗，什么都没有。
第五节
我凝视那深邃的黑暗，久久地站着，既好奇又恐惧，
怀疑着，做着前所未有的奇异梦境；
但寂静依然，没有任何声响或迹象，
唯一说出的字是我轻声低语的 “莱诺尔？”
我轻声说着，回声也低声重复着 “莱诺尔！”——
仅此而已，别无其他。
第六节
我转身回到房间，心中怒火中烧，
很快又听到一阵比之前稍响的叩击声。
“肯定的，” 我说，“肯定有什么东西在我的窗棂上；
让我看看那是什么，来探究这个谜团 ——
让我的心先平静片刻，来探究这个谜团；
是风，别无其他！”
第七节
我猛地推开百叶窗，随着一阵振翅声，
一只来自往昔神圣岁月的庄严乌鸦飞了进来；
它毫无敬意，没有停留或耽搁片刻；
而是以贵族或淑女的姿态，栖息在我的房门之上 ——
栖息在我房门上方的帕拉斯半身像上 ——
栖息着，坐着，仅此而已。
第八节
这只乌木色的鸟，以它庄重严肃的面容，
将我悲伤的幻想引向微笑，
“尽管你的冠羽被剪，” 我说，“你肯定不是懦夫，
阴森可怕、古老的乌鸦，从黑夜的岸边漂泊而来 ——
告诉我你在冥府之夜的尊贵名字！”
乌鸦说 “永不复焉”。
第九节
我很惊讶这笨拙的鸟儿竟能如此清晰地说话，
尽管它的回答没什么意义，也没什么关联；
因为我们不得不承认，没有一个活人
曾有幸看到鸟儿在他的房门之上 ——
鸟儿或野兽在他房门上方的雕塑胸像上，
有着 “永不复焉” 这样的名字。
第十节
但乌鸦独自坐在宁静的胸像上，只说了
那一个词，仿佛它的灵魂都倾注在那一个词中。
之后它没再发出任何声音，没再扇动一根羽毛 ——
直到我几乎是喃喃自语道 “其他朋友都已飞走 ——
明天它也会离我而去，如同我的希望已飞走。”
然后鸟儿说 “永不复焉”。
第十一节
这恰当的回答打破了寂静，让我吃了一惊，
“无疑，” 我说，“它所说的是它唯一会的话语，
从某个不幸的主人那里学来的，无情的灾难
紧紧跟随，越来越快，直到他的歌只剩下一个主题 ——
直到他希望的挽歌都承载着那忧郁的主题
‘永不 —— 永不复焉’。”
第十二节
但乌鸦仍把我悲伤的幻想引向微笑，
我立刻把一张带垫的椅子推到鸟、胸像和门的前面；
然后，我坐在天鹅绒上，开始把幻想
一个接一个地连起来，想着这只不祥的古鸟 ——
这只阴森、笨拙、可怕、枯瘦又不祥的古鸟
呱呱叫着 “永不复焉” 是什么意思。
第十三节
我就这样坐着猜测，没有对这只鸟
说出一个字，它那炽热的眼睛正灼烧着我的心；
我就这样坐着，更多地在猜测，头舒适地靠在
被灯光笼罩的天鹅绒椅垫上，
但那被灯光笼罩的紫色天鹅绒椅垫，
她再也不会靠了，啊，永不复焉！
第十四节
接着，我觉得空气变得更浓了，仿佛有来自看不见的香炉的香气，
由天使们摇荡着，他们的脚步声在毛绒绒的地板上叮当作响。
“可怜的人，” 我喊道，“你的上帝派这些天使给你送来
解脱 —— 解脱和忘忧药，让你忘却对莱诺尔的记忆；
喝吧，啊，喝下这忘忧药，忘掉失去的莱诺尔！”
乌鸦说 “永不复焉”。
第十五节
“先知！” 我说，“邪恶的东西！—— 不管你是鸟还是魔鬼，你仍是先知！——
不管是诱惑者派来的，还是暴风雨把你抛到这岸上，
孤独却毫不畏惧，在这片被施了魔法的荒地上 ——
在这被恐惧萦绕的家中 —— 我恳请你，告诉我真话 ——
在基列有香膏吗？—— 告诉我 —— 告诉我，我求你了！”
乌鸦说 “永不复焉”。
第十六节
“先知！” 我说，“邪恶的东西！—— 不管你是鸟还是魔鬼，你仍是先知！
以我们头顶的天堂，以我们都崇拜的上帝的名义 ——
告诉我这颗充满悲伤的灵魂，在遥远的伊甸园中，
是否能拥抱一位被天使们称为莱诺尔的圣洁少女 ——
拥抱一位珍贵而光彩照人的少女，天使们称她为莱诺尔。”
乌鸦说 “永不复焉”。
第十七节
“就让那成为我们告别的话吧，不管你是鸟还是恶魔！” 我尖叫着，跳了起来 ——
“回到暴风雨中，回到黑夜的冥府岸边去吧！
别留下黑色的羽毛作为你灵魂说谎的标志！
别破坏我的孤独！—— 从我的房门上的胸像上离开！
把你的嘴从我的心里拿开，把你的身体从我的门上移开！”
乌鸦说 “永不复焉”。
第十八节
而那只乌鸦，没有飞走，仍坐在那里，仍坐在
我房门上方苍白的帕拉斯胸像上；
它的眼睛看起来就像一个正在做梦的恶魔的眼睛，
照在它身上的灯光把它的影子投射在地板上；
而我的灵魂，将永远无法从那漂浮在地板上的影子中
解脱 —— 永不复焉！
诗歌内容
- 第一部分（前六节）：讲述在一个寒冷的十二月午夜，主人公因思念逝去的恋人莱诺尔而沉浸在痛苦中，他在翻阅古籍时，听到了轻轻的叩门声，以为是莱诺尔归来，打开门却只有黑暗。
- 第二部分（第七节至第十四节）：主人公听到窗边有动静，打开百叶窗后，一只乌鸦飞了进来，停在帕拉斯的半身雕像上。主人公与乌鸦对话，乌鸦每次都只回答 “永不复焉”（Nevermore）。
- 第三部分（最后四节）：主人公的情绪从好奇、困惑逐渐转为愤怒和绝望，他不断追问乌鸦关于莱诺尔的事情，以及自己是否能在天堂与她重逢等问题，乌鸦始终回答 “永不复焉”，让主人公的悲痛和绝望愈发深重。
艺术特色
- 韵律节奏：采用了独特的五行一组的诗节结构，每节的最后一行为 “nevermore”。运用大量的内部押韵和结尾押韵，如 “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore”，通过重复的声音模式，创造出强烈的节奏感，增添了诗歌的音乐性和催眠效果。
- 象征隐喻
- 乌鸦：象征着不祥、死亡和永恒的痛苦，强化了诗歌的悲剧氛围。
- “Nevermore”：作为核心词汇，其含义随着主人公的心理变化而变化，从最初单纯的回答，到后来承载了深沉的绝望，暗示主人公的希望和美好事物的消逝。
- 半夜与暴风夜：深夜象征未知与恐惧，暴风的环境则强化了主人公内心的不安与失落。
- 超现实与心理描写：将现实与超现实融合，乌鸦的出现既可能是真实存在，也可能是主人公的幻觉，模糊了现实与幻想的界限，突显了主人公内心从悲伤到崩溃的过程。
主题思想
- 悲伤与失落：主人公无法接受爱人莱诺尔的离去，这种深刻的悲伤推动着全诗的发展，随着与乌鸦的对话，他的悲痛逐渐变成绝望。
- 永恒的孤独：乌鸦不断重复 “永不复焉”，暗示主人公无论如何努力，都无法改变现实，也无法从孤独中解脱，体现了人类在面对失去和命运时的无奈与无助。
- 人性的执念与自我折磨：主人公多次追问乌鸦问题，即使内心深知答案会加深痛苦，仍无法停止，体现了人性中无法摆脱的自我折磨和对未知的执着。
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